Survey of English Place-Names

Historical Forms

• Pennocrucio 4th AntIt

• Pencric 958 (14th) BCS 1041, Sawyer 667, c. 1000 (11th) ASWills, Sawyer 1534

• Pencris 1203 Ass 1242 Fees

• Pancriz 1086 DB 1156–7 P 1199 Ass 1199 Fees 1259 Cl

• Paincrist 1151 MRA

• Pencric' 11th BM 1251 Lib

• Penkric' 1414 JP

• Pencrico 1230 Pat

• Peinc(h)riz' 1158 P 1173 et freq

• Peyncrich 1294 Banco

• Pencriz' 1136to1324 MRA 1155 RBE 1164 P 1215 1199 Ass 1212,1250 Fees 1212to1225 Cur 1226to1343 Pat 1244,1345,1387 Ch c.1255 RH 1328 Ipm

• Penkriz, Penkryz 1275 Pat 1293 CoramR 1294 Pat

• Penecris 1285 FA

• Penchris 1323 CoramR

• Pencritz 1305 Ch

• Pencrich(e), Pencrych(e) 1156 P 1221to1380 Ass 1228 Pat 1406 1236 Fees 1252to1417 Cl 1262,1286 For 1272to1290 MRA 1290to1372 Ch 1292to1483 CoramR 1306 GDR 1307to1386 Banco 1311to1361 Pap 1335 AD1 1380 Ipm 1343 FF 1426 1402 FA 1538 LP

• Penkrich(e), Penkrych(e) 1271 For c.1291 Tax 1303 Cl 1316,1428 FA 1320 Misc 1323 Ass 1418 Banco 1342to1408 FF 1358to1399 Pat 1417 Fine 1482 Banco

• Penchrich 1262 For 1321 Banco

• Penkerich(e), Penkerych(e) 1360to1545 FF 1371to1568 Pat 1413 Cor 1442 ChetwyndCh 1475 Banco 1503 Ipm 1485 Cl 1531 Hatherton 1535 VE 1557 Harl 1558 NCWills 1577 16th Rental 1598 FF

• Penckerich(e), Penckerych(e) 1294 Ipm 1515 Wodehouse 1605 FF

• Penkerech(e) 1428 Fine 1585 QSR

• Penkarich 1674 Dep

• Penkeryz 1293 Banco

• Penkerage 1449 Banco

• Penkrigge c.1430 ECP

• Penckrige 1578 Survey

• Penckridg(e) 1595 ParReg 1598 Ct

• Penkrige vulg Pankrage 1724–47 Defoe

• Penkridg 1610 Speed 1695 Morden

• Penkridge 1755 Bowen 1834 O

Etymology

This is a Brit. name from *penn1 Pr Welsh, pen Welsh meaning 'head, end, hill' and *crǖg1 PrWelsh, spelt cruc OWelsh, crug Welsh 'hill, barrow or mound', the likely meaning being 'the end of the hill'. The Roman station of Pennocrucium appears to have been on rising ground near the R. Penk, so that some such meaning is appropriate here. For the R. Penk which is a back-formation, v. supra 15. The consonant -c - was lenited to -g -, v. EPN 1, 115 under cruc 1 .