English Place-name Society

Survey of English Place-Names

A county-by-county guide to the linguistic origins of England’s place-names – a project of the English Place-Name Society, founded 1923.

Wayland Smith's Cave

Early-attested site in the Parish of Ashbury

Historical Forms

  • (be eastan) welandes smidðan 955 BCS908 c.1240
  • Wayland Smiths Forge 1828 OS

Etymology

Wayland Smith's Cave, (be eastan ) welandes smidðan 955 (c. 1240) BCS 908, Wayland Smiths Forge 1828 OS. 'Weland's smithy'.smidðan represents the dat. sing, of smiððe . Wēland was the OE form of the name of the famous smith of Germanic legend, and there was a tradition that the smith would shoe horses in return for a groat placed on the roof slab of one of the three chambers of this megalithic tomb. The association with horses might be due to the proximity of the White Horse (380). Grinsell's suggestions (Grinsell 13–20 and Trans. Newbury and District Field Club viii, 136–9) that other characters in the Wēland legend are mentioned in other boundary marks in this part of the county are unconvincing, as the forms of the pers.ns. are not consistent with his identifications, v. Pt 3.