English Place-name Society

Survey of English Place-Names

A county-by-county guide to the linguistic origins of England’s place-names – a project of the English Place-Name Society, founded 1923.

Bishop's Stortford

Major Settlement in the Parish of Bishop's Stortford

Historical Forms

  • Storteford 1086 DB 1200 Cur 1428 FA
  • Stortesford 1287 Ass
  • Estorteford 1085–7 Dugdale, Hist. of St Pauls
  • Sterteford 1198 Fees 1305 Ass
  • Sterdeford 1280–5 Ipm
  • Stortford 1338 Pat 1428 FA
  • Stortford al. Bysshops Stortford 1587 Recov
  • Bushoppes Stortford 1591 Sess
  • Stratford 1493 Pat
  • Strotford 1560 FF 1619 Sess
  • Storford 1525 FF
  • Starford 1630 StJohns
  • Bishop Stafford 1710 ib
  • Stourtford al. Stotford 1564 Recov

Etymology

The river Stort is probably a back-formation from Stortford, v. supra 5 and Ekwall RN 378. Ekwall (loc. cit .) compares Stortencumb (BCS 500) and suggests a personal name Steorta , perhaps found in steortan leage (BCS 731) and to be connected with OE  steort, 'tail.' The difficulty about this is that though we have numerous examples of steort in place-names, nowhere else does it show any sign of becoming stort , and indeed such a development in early times would be quite irregular. It may be that side by side with steort from *stert , there was in OE  a form stort from *sturt , such as has to be assumed to explain some of the early forms of the verb start (cf. NED s. v .). The Bishop of London held the manor in DB.